marktwain作品风格
Ⅰ 马克吐温的作品的风格是什么 主题思想是什么
马克吐温
（Mark Twain l835～1910）
作者简介：
美国作家。本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。马克·吐温是其笔名。出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭，从小出外拜师学徒。当过排字工人，密西西比河水手、南军士兵，还经营过木材业、矿业和出版业，但有效的工作是当记者和写作幽默文学。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。
他的早期创作，如短篇小说《竟选州长》（1870）、《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》（1870）等，以幽默、诙谐的笔法嘲笑美国“民主选举”的荒谬和“民主天堂”的本质。
中期作品，如长篇小说《镀金时代》（1874，与华纳合写）、代表作长篇小说《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》（1886）及《傻瓜威尔逊》（1893）等，则以深沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热，及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种族歧视。《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》通过白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事，不仅批判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮，揭露私刑的毫无理性，而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧，谴责蓄奴制的罪恶，并歌颂黑奴的优秀品质，宣传不分种族地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张。作品文字清新有力，审视角度自然而独特，被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作。
19世纪末，随着美国进入帝国主义发展阶段，马克·吐温一些游记、杂文、政论，如《赤道环行记》（1897）、中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）、《神秘来客》（1916）等的批判揭露意义也逐渐减弱，而绝望神秘情绪则有所伸长。
马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。
英语版
Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910), was an American writer, journalist and humorist, who won a worldwide audience for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.
Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, he was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. He later worked as a licensed Mississippi river-boat pilot. The Civil War put an end to the steamboat traffic and Clemens moved to Virginia City, where he edited the Territorial Enterprise. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when Clemens signed a humorous travel account with that pseudonym.
In 1864 Twain left for California, and worked in San Francisco as a reporter. He visited Hawaii as a correspondent for The Sacramento Union, publishing letters on his trip and giving lectures. He set out on a world tour, traveling in France and Italy. His experiences were recorded in 1869 in The Innocents Abroad, which gained him wide popularity, and poked fun at both American and European prejudices and manners.
The success as a writer gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870. They moved next year to Hartford. Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, Tom Sawyer (1881) and The Prince And The Pauper (1881). Life On The Mississippi appeared in 1883 andHuckleberry Finn in 1884.
In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the failure of his own publishing firm. To recover from the bankruptcy, he started a world lecture tour, ring which one of his daughters died. Twain toured New Zealand, Australia, India, and South Africa. He wrote such books as The Tragedy Of Pudd'head Wilson (1884), Personal Recollections Of Joan Of Arc (1885), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and the travel book Following The Equator (1897). During his long writing career, Twain also proced a considerable number of essays.
The death of his wife and his second daughter darkened the author's later years, which is seen in his posthumously published autobiography (1924). Twain died on April 21, 1910.
Ⅱ Mark Twain的作品及生平简介
马克·吐温（Mark Twain,1835年11月30日－1910年4月21日）,原名塞缪尔·兰贺尔·克莱门斯 （Samuel Langhorne Clemens) (射手座）是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，也是著名演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。虽然他的财富不多，却无损他的高超幽默、机智与名气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。其交友广阔，威廉·迪安·豪威尔士、布克·华盛顿、尼古拉·特斯拉、海伦·凯勒、亨利·罗杰诸君，皆为其友。他曾被誉为：文学史上的林肯。海伦·凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。”威廉·福克纳称马克·吐温为“第一位真正的美国作家，我们都是继承他而来”。其于1910年四月二十一日去世，享年七十五，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
写作风格：熔幽默与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
他的代表作是《百万英镑》，在小学5年级人教版第二学期时会学到的，是24课名叫《金钱的魔力》。
“马克·吐温”是其最常使用的笔名，一般认为这个笔名是源自其早年水手术语，马克·吐温的意思是：水深12英尺，塞缪尔（即“马克·吐温”）曾当过领航员，与其伙伴测量水深时，他的伙伴叫道“Mark Twain !”，意思是“两个标记”，亦即水深两浔（1浔约1.1米），这是轮船安全航行的必要条件。
还有一个原因是，他的船长塞勒斯，他是位德高望重的领航员，不时为报纸写些介绍密西西比河掌故的小品，笔名“马克·吐温”。
1859年，塞勒斯船长发表了一篇预测新奥尔良市将被水淹没的文章。调皮的萨缪尔决定拿他开个玩笑，就模仿他的笔调写了一篇非常尖刻的讽刺小品。谁知这篇游戏文章竟深深刺痛了老船长的心，老船长从此弃笔不写，“马克·吐温”这个笔名也从此在报纸上销声匿迹了。
四年后，当上记者的萨缪尔得悉塞勒斯船长谢世的噩耗，为自己当年的恶作剧追悔不已，决心弥补这一过失，于是他继承了“马克·吐温”这个笔名，并以此开始了他的写作生涯。
但亦有一说，指其在西部流浪时，经常在酒店买酒两杯，并要求酒保在帐单上记“两个标记”。然而，孰真孰假，或两者皆虚，则无从稽考。他的真名叫“塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。”1852年5月1日 《拓殖者大吃一惊的花花公子》发表于波士顿的幽默周刊《手提包》上。这是赛缪尔·克莱门斯的处女作。（自学的马克·吐温在印刷所当学徒、排字时，即开始练笔，发表这个处女作时年17岁。）
1864年6月 移居旧金山，在《晨报》工作。开始为《旧金山人》写稿，时主编为小说家勃勒特·哈特。
1865年11月18日 纽约的《星期六邮报》发表了马克·吐温的《卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙》。各处纷纷转载，马克·吐温开始在国内取得名声。
1867年4月25日 查尔斯·韦勃出版了马克·吐温的第一本书《卡拉维拉斯郡著名的跳蛙和其它随笔》。
1869年7月 马克·吐温的《傻子国外旅行记》出版，发行者为易里夏·勃里斯。
1872月年2月 《艰难历程》由勃里斯的美国出版公司出版。
1873月年冬 马克·吐温与作家查尔斯·特德雷·华纳合作，写了《镀金时代》。华纳为其在哈特福特的邻居。
1873年12月 《镀金时代》出版。发行者为美国出版公司的勃里斯。（为美国历史上的一个时代起一个幽默而讽刺的名字，并为世人所认同，尚乏先例）
1874年夏 马克·吐温开始写《汤姆·索亚历险记》，并把《镀金时代》编成剧本。当时是在纽约的埃尔弥拉附近的夸雷农庄。
1876年1月 《康涅狄克焦最近的狂欢节上的罪行纪实》在《大西洋月刊》上发表。
1876年夏 马克·吐温开始写《赫克尔贝里·芬历险记》，地点在夸雷农庄。
1876年10月 与勃勒特·哈特合作写喜剧《阿星》。十二月完成，但两人的友谊从此难以维持。
1876年12月 《汤姆·索亚历险记》由勃里斯出版。时间是在交稿后一年以上，这样就没有能赶上圣诞节的好生意季节。马克·吐温开始考虑换一家出版商出版其著作。
1877年7月31日 《阿星》在纽约的“第五条街剧院”演出。五周后停演，演出者在钱财上有亏损。
1877年1月1月 开始写《王子与贫儿》。
1878年春—1879年夏 全家往欧洲旅行，特别是游了德国，为《国外旅游记》收集了材料。
1880年3月 《国外旅游记》出版。出版者为美国出版公司的勃里斯。
1881年12月 《王子与贫儿》出版。出版者为波士顿的詹姆斯·勒·奥斯谷特。
1882年4月 马克·吐温重访密西西比河上，以便为其《密西西比河上的生活》的下半部收集材料。他遍访密西西比河流域，一直到五月底。
1883年夏 马克·吐温在夸雷农庄完成了《哈克贝利·费恩》的写作。《密西西比河上的生活》由奥斯谷特出版。
1885年2月18日 《哈克贝利·费恩》由惠勃斯特出版公司出版。
1885年3月 麻省康谷尔顿的图书委员会称《哈克贝利·费恩》为“无聊之作，只能供贫民窟阅读”。不得放在书架上，从而开始了禁书的一段历史，其影响直至今日。虽然如此，到五月份时，《哈克》出售了五万一千本。（这样的禁书是个别单位的，并非全国性的）
1885年1月2日 惠勃斯特公司出版了《格兰特回忆录》，格兰特一家收益四十万元， 使得他们能免于破产。马克·吐温也深信自己有经商的天才。 （格兰特将军，1月869—1月877任总统。格兰特与马克·吐温交谊较深）
1886年1月 马克·吐温开始写《在亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬》。
Ⅲ 马克吐温的语言特点
1、语言特点
对方言的灵活运用是独一无二的，他的文字口语化，简明直接，句子结构简单朴实，甚至不合乎语法规，属于典型的口头语言，他巧妙地应用口语来描述故事人物的日常生活，另外，他的故事人物，限定于特定历史时期与特定区域，操持着浓重的方言，使他的乡土特色更为真实。
2、人物简介
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国著名作家和演说家，真实姓名是萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门。“马克·吐温”是他的笔名，原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所测水的深度的术语。
马克·吐温12岁时，父亲去世，他只好停学，到工厂当小工。后来他又换了不少职业，曾做过密西西比河的领航员、矿工及新闻记者工作。渐渐地着手写一些有趣的小品，开始了自己的写作生涯。
马克·吐温一生写了大量作品，题材涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。从内容上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心；从风格上说，专家们和一般读者都认为，幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。他是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段，前期以辛辣的讽刺见长，到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。被誉为“美国文学史上的林肯”。
3、人物评价
马克·吐温作为美国批判现实主义文学的代表人物，其创作的触角扎根于社会现实的方方面面。随着生活阅历加深，马克·吐温对美国表面繁荣掩盖下的社会现实有了更清醒的认识，他开始在作品中探讨一些深刻的社会问题，这个时期是马克·吐温创作的黄金时代，也是他在继续观察社会的基础上加深对美国的政治制度、生活方式、思想情操的思考和探索时期，尖锐的讽刺和无情的揭露是这一时期作品的主要特点。其作品的基调也由早期的幽默乐观转为无情的揭露和辛辣的讽刺，笔锋更加犀利，讽刺更加激烈，幽默讽刺中批判的成分增强了。作品生活画面的广阔和人物形象的确立，反映了作者艺术技巧的更加成熟，更具有魅力，更为丰富多彩。
Ⅳ 急需关于马克吐温的创作风格及其一些作品简介（只要英文版）
马克吐温
（Mark Twain l835～1910）
作者简介：
美国作家。本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。马克·吐温是其笔名。出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭，从小出外拜师学徒。当过排字工人，密西西比河水手、南军士兵，还经营过木材业、矿业和出版业，但有效的工作是当记者和写作幽默文学。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。
他的早期创作，如短篇小说《竟选州长》（1870）、《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》（1870）等，以幽默、诙谐的笔法嘲笑美国“民主选举”的荒谬和“民主天堂”的本质。
中期作品，如长篇小说《镀金时代》（1874，与华纳合写）、代表作长篇小说《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》（1886）及《傻瓜威尔逊》（1893）等，则以深沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热，及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种族歧视。《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》通过白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事，不仅批判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮，揭露私刑的毫无理性，而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧，谴责蓄奴制的罪恶，并歌颂黑奴的优秀品质，宣传不分种族地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张。作品文字清新有力，审视角度自然而独特，被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作。
19世纪末，随着美国进入帝国主义发展阶段，马克·吐温一些游记、杂文、政论，如《赤道环行记》（1897）、中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）、《神秘来客》（1916）等的批判揭露意义也逐渐减弱，而绝望神秘情绪则有所伸长。
马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。
英语版
Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910), was an American writer, journalist and humorist, who won a worldwide audience for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.
Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, he was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. He later worked as a licensed Mississippi river-boat pilot. The Civil War put an end to the steamboat traffic and Clemens moved to Virginia City, where he edited the Territorial Enterprise. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when Clemens signed a humorous travel account with that pseudonym.
In 1864 Twain left for California, and worked in San Francisco as a reporter. He visited Hawaii as a correspondent for The Sacramento Union, publishing letters on his trip and giving lectures. He set out on a world tour, traveling in France and Italy. His experiences were recorded in 1869 in The Innocents Abroad, which gained him wide popularity, and poked fun at both American and European prejudices and manners.
The success as a writer gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870. They moved next year to Hartford. Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, Tom Sawyer (1881) and The Prince And The Pauper (1881). Life On The Mississippi appeared in 1883 andHuckleberry Finn in 1884.
In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the failure of his own publishing firm. To recover from the bankruptcy, he started a world lecture tour, ring which one of his daughters died. Twain toured New Zealand, Australia, India, and South Africa. He wrote such books as The Tragedy Of Pudd'head Wilson (1884), Personal Recollections Of Joan Of Arc (1885), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and the travel book Following The Equator (1897). During his long writing career, Twain also proced a considerable number of essays.
The death of his wife and his second daughter darkened the author's later years, which is seen in his posthumously published autobiography (1924). Twain died on April 21, 1910.
Ⅳ 马克吐温的写作特点
1、马克·吐温的作品有三个特色：
第一，他在西部幽默传统的基础上，发挥极度夸张的艺术想象。
第二个特点是：作品常常以第一人称“我”为主人公，这个“我”像中国相声里的主人公一样，扮演各种喜剧性人物。他们大都天真、老实、无知，思想单纯，什么事都一厢情愿，结果常常事与愿违。 马克·吐温用天真老实人做主人公是有意识的。主人公总是怀着某种理想或某种单纯的想法，但在现实中处处碰壁，说明他这个理想是不现实的，行不通的，而他越不明白这一点，就越现出理想与现实之间的差距。
第三个特点是幽默里含有讽刺。他在《自传》里总结他写幽默小说的经验，说“为幽默而幽默是不可能经久的。幽默只是一股香味儿和花絮。我老是训诫人家，这就是为什么我能够坚持三十年”。“三十年”，是指从他开始写作至写自传时为止。他所谓“训诫人家”是说他写小说含有抑恶扬善的严肃的创作目标。
2、马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国著名作家和演说家，真实姓名是萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门（Samuel Langhorne Clemens）。“马克·吐温”是他的笔名，原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所测水的深度的术语。
马克·吐温一生写了大量作品，题材涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。从内容上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心；从风格上说，专家们和一般读者都认为，幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段，前期以辛辣的讽刺见长，到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。被誉为“美国文学史上的林肯”。他于1910年4月21日去世，享年七十五岁，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
3、人物评价：
马克·吐温作为美国批判现实主义文学的代表人物，其创作的触角扎根于社会现实的方方面面。随着生活阅历加深，马克·吐温对美国表面繁荣掩盖下的社会现实有了更清醒的认识，他开始在作品中探讨一些深刻的社会问题，这个时期是马克·吐温创作的黄金时代，也是他在继续观察社会的基础上加深对美国的政治制度、生活方式、思想情操的思考和探索时期，尖锐的讽刺和无情的揭露是这一时期作品的主要特点。其作品的基调也由早期的幽默乐观转为无情的揭露和辛辣的讽刺，笔锋更加犀利，讽刺更加激烈，幽默讽刺中批判的成分增强了。作品生活画面的广阔和人物形象的确立，反映了作者艺术技巧的更加成熟，更具有魅力，更为丰富多彩。
Ⅵ “马克吐温的生平与作品风格”作为一个标题，翻译成英语Mark Twain's Life Story and Works Style 有错吗
writing style也可以啊~
Ⅶ 马克吐温的语言风格
1、语言特点
对方言的灵活运用是独一无二的，他的文字口语化，简明直接，句子结构简单朴实，甚至不合乎语法规，属于典型的口头语言，他巧妙地应用口语来描述故事人物的日常生活，另外，他的故事人物，限定于特定历史时期与特定区域，操持着浓重的方言，使他的乡土特色更为真实。
2、人物简介
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），美国著名作家和演说家，真实姓名是萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门。“马克·吐温”是他的笔名，原是密西西比河水手使用的表示在航道上所测水的深度的术语。
马克·吐温12岁时，父亲去世，他只好停学，到工厂当小工。后来他又换了不少职业，曾做过密西西比河的领航员、矿工及新闻记者工作。渐渐地着手写一些有趣的小品，开始了自己的写作生涯。
马克·吐温一生写了大量作品，题材涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。从内容上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心；从风格上说，专家们和一般读者都认为，幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。他是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段，前期以辛辣的讽刺见长，到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。被誉为“美国文学史上的林肯”。
3、人物评价
马克·吐温作为美国批判现实主义文学的代表人物，其创作的触角扎根于社会现实的方方面面。随着生活阅历加深，马克·吐温对美国表面繁荣掩盖下的社会现实有了更清醒的认识，他开始在作品中探讨一些深刻的社会问题，这个时期是马克·吐温创作的黄金时代，也是他在继续观察社会的基础上加深对美国的政治制度、生活方式、思想情操的思考和探索时期，尖锐的讽刺和无情的揭露是这一时期作品的主要特点。其作品的基调也由早期的幽默乐观转为无情的揭露和辛辣的讽刺，笔锋更加犀利，讽刺更加激烈，幽默讽刺中批判的成分增强了。作品生活画面的广阔和人物形象的确立，反映了作者艺术技巧的更加成熟，更具有魅力，更为丰富多彩。
Ⅷ 马克吐温的笔名“MarkTwain”是由何而来的
马克·吐温在给自己取笔名时想起了密西西比河上测水员的呼号“MarkTwain”，其意为两英寻，等于2.2米，在此深度，船只可以安全通过。于是，马克·吐温用它作为自己的笔名。
Ⅸ 有关马克吐温的事迹以及写作风格作品等，要英语的。
Mark Twain - A Brief Assessment
As one of America's first and foremost realists a humorists, Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens usually wrote about his own personal experiences and and things he knew about from firsthand experience. His life spanned the two Americas, the frontier America that proced so much of national mythology and the emerging urban, instrial giant of the 20th century. At the heart of Twain's achievement is his creation of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn, who embody the mythic America, midway between the wilderness and the model state.
The Gilded Age, came in 1873. It was one of the first novels, which tried to describe the new morality (or immorality) of post-Civil War America. One of the new elements of this novel is that it creates a picture of the entire nation, rather than of just one region. Although it has a number of Twain's typically humorous characters, the real theme is America's loss of its old idealism. The book describes how a group of young people is morally destroyed by the dream of becoming rich.
Twain, the third of five children, was born on Novel 1835, in the village of Florida, Missouri, and grew up in t river town of Hannibal, that mixture of idyll and nigh and around which Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn live i adventure-filled summers. Hannibal was sty and quit large forests nearby which Twain knew as a child and uses in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)w kidnaps Huck and hides out in the great forest. The sit which passed daily were the fascination of the town am the subject matter of Twain's Life on the Mississippi (1?town of Hannibal is immortalized as St. Petersburg in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876). Twain's father was an ambitious and respected mildly successful country lawyer and storekeeper. He v ever, a highly intelligent man who was a stern disci? Twain's mother, a southern belle in her youth, had ; ley Warner,
In 1870, Twain married Olivia Langdon. They finished their Hartford mansion and moved into it in 1871. Their infant son Langdon died in 1872, the year Susy, their first daughter, was born. Her sisters, Clara and Jean, followed in 1874 and 1880. Twain's most proctive years as a novelist came in this period, when his daughters were young and he was prospering. His The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was a story about "bad boys? a popular theme in American literature. The two young heroes, Tom and Huck Finn, are "bad" only because they fight against the stupidity of the alt world. In the end they win. Twain creates a highly realistic background for the story. We get to know the village very well with its many colorful characters, its graveyards and the house in which a ghost is supposed to exist. Although there are many similarities between Tom and Huck, there are also important differences. Twain studies the psychology of his characters carefully. Tom is very romantic. His view of life comes from books about knights in the Middle Ages. A whistle from Huck outside Tom's window calls him out for a night of adventures. Afterwards, Tom can always return to his Aunt Polly's house. Huck has no real home. By the end of the novel, We can see Tom growing up. Soon, he will also be a part of the alt world. Huck, however, is a real outsider.
Some critics complain that Twain wrote well only when he was writing about young people. They say that his psychology was really only child psychology. This may be true. But in his greatest novel. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain gives the national heart. Most agree , however, that it’s from even deeper currents. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is Twain's best book because, for whatever reasons, he brought together in it, with the highest degree of artistic balance, those most fundamental alities running through his work and life from start to finish.
In his later novels, Twain seems less hopeful about democracy. In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889), the hero is the boss of a factory. He is hit on the head and wakes up in sixth-century England. Because he is a nineteenth-century inventor, he begins to modernize this world, and because he knows so much, he becomes a kind of dictator, called "the Boss". In many ways, Twain seems to be praising both the technology and the leadership of the bosses of American business ring the "Gilded Age". Like Twain Twain's hero, these bosses thought they knew more than the ordinary people of society.
By 1890, Twain's financial fortunes were crumbling, mostly owing to bad investment in a publishing firm and in the Paige typesetter. In 1891,Twain closed the Hartford mansion, sold the furniture, and went to Europe to economize. While he was lecturing in Europe, his daughter Susy died, and his wife, Livy, shortly afterward suffered a nervous collapse from which she never recovered. Twain blamed him for bringing on his beloved family the circumstances that led to both tragedies. Twain's pessimism grew deeper and deeper. His abiding skepticism about human natrue deepened to cynicism and found expression in those dark stories of his last years, "The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg" and "The Mysterious Stranger". In the former, Twain describes a town that had been famous for its honesty". In the end, everybody in town has lied in order to get a big bag of gold. In the latter, published in 1916 after Twain's death, an angel visits three boys in an English village in the Middle Ages. He becomes their friend and shows them evil of mankind. After destroying their innocent happiness, he finally announces that he is Satan. Twain saw human nature as a kind of machine; "I see no great difference between a man and a watch, except that a man is conscious and a watch is not. "Human evil comes from something being wrong with that machine. Throughout all of Twain's writing, we see the conflict between the ideals of Americans and their desire for money. But Twain never tried to solve the conflict. He is like a newspaperman who reports what he sees. His humor was often rather childish. This may bespeak why the critic P. Abel said: "Twain was ably and an old man, but never was he a man. "
His literature explored questions of freedom, independence, and identity. In a steady evolution, lie moved from the confidence and self-reliance of the brash westerner to the questioning and contradictory stance of the agnostic, until he could write in his notebook in the last years of the century, "The human race consists of the damned and the ought-to-be-damned." It could be argued that, almost single-handedly, he liberated American fiction from the rigid conventions of the mid nineteenth century-its stilted dialogue, its stereotyped characters, its didactic impulse, its optimistic impetus. At the same time, lie lowered 'American literature to the plane of the mass audience and elevated it to a distinct, in digamous height which no one else has reached.
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming. Howells was one of Twain's early admirers, and he wrote the following on Twain's style: "So far as I know, Mr. Clemens is the first writer to use in extended writing the fashion we all use in thinking, and to set down the thing that comes into his mind without fear or favor of the thing that went before or the thing that may be about to follow." Most of the critical attention has been given to Huck Finn, Clemens' greatest achievement. This book concerns itself with a number of themes, among them the quest for freedom, the transition from adolescence into althood, alienation and initiation, criticism of pre-Civil War southern life. A remarkable achievement of the book is Clemens' use of American humor, folklore, slang, and dialects. There is critical debate, however, concerning the ending of the book - some call it weak and ineffective, others feel it is appropriate and effective.
原文地址:http://www.zhupao.com/content/369/370/18920.htm
Ⅹ 马克吐温的作品风格
马克吐温
（Mark Twain l835～1910）
作者简介：
美国作家。本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。马克·吐温是其笔名。出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村贫穷律师家庭，从小出外拜师学徒。当过排字工人，密西西比河水手、南军士兵，还经营过木材业、矿业和出版业，但有效的工作是当记者和写作幽默文学。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。
他的早期创作，如短篇小说《竟选州长》（1870）、《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》（1870）等，以幽默、诙谐的笔法嘲笑美国“民主选举”的荒谬和“民主天堂”的本质。
中期作品，如长篇小说《镀金时代》（1874，与华纳合写）、代表作长篇小说《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》（1886）及《傻瓜威尔逊》（1893）等，则以深沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热，及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种族歧视。《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》通过白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事，不仅批判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮，揭露私刑的毫无理性，而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧，谴责蓄奴制的罪恶，并歌颂黑奴的优秀品质，宣传不分种族地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张。作品文字清新有力，审视角度自然而独特，被视为美国文学史上具划时代意义的现实主义著作。
19世纪末，随着美国进入帝国主义发展阶段，马克·吐温一些游记、杂文、政论，如《赤道环行记》（1897）、中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）、《神秘来客》（1916）等的批判揭露意义也逐渐减弱，而绝望神秘情绪则有所伸长。
马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。